When it comes to selecting the perfect cartridge for hunting and long-distance shooting, two names often dominate the conversation: the venerable .30-06 Springfield and the ever-popular .308 Winchester.
Each has its supporters and distinctive advantages, making the choice a matter of personal preference and shooting needs.
In this blog post, we'll dive into the specifics of these two iconic rounds, exploring their uses, ballistics, and which one might best serve your needs.
.30-06 Springfield: A Legacy of Performance
The .30-06 Springfield, commonly known as the 30-06, was first introduced by the United States Army in 1906 as the standard rifle cartridge, hence the name "30-06."
Initially created to replace the 30-03 cartridge, which had been in use since 1903, 30-06 ammo was designed to be a more effective and powerful caliber for the new M1903 Springfield rifle, which was adopted by the U.S. military as its primary service rifle.
30-06 ammunition features a rimless design, allowing for smoother feeding and reliable operation in semi-automatic and bolt-action rifles.
Its effectiveness, versatility, and reputation as a reliable cartridge led to its common use on the battlefield throughout World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.
In addition to military use, 30-06 ammunition is very popular among civilian shooters and hunters due to its versatility and availability for big game hunting, capable of taking down large animals such as elk, moose, and bears.
The cartridge typically fires bullets weighing between 150 to 220 grains, providing a wide range of options for various hunting scenarios.
.30-06 Ballistics Information
Muzzle Velocity
The muzzle velocity of the .30-06 Springfield varies based on bullet weight and load, giving shooters flexibility for different applications.
Common factory loads include:
- 150-grain bullets: ~2,900-3,000 fps
- 165-grain bullets: ~2,800-2,850 fps
- 180-grain bullets: ~2,700-2,750 fps
- 220-grain bullets: ~2,400-2,500 fps
Lighter bullets, like the 150-grain, deliver higher velocities, offering flatter trajectories and making them excellent for long-range shooting. Heavier bullets, such as the 220-grain, prioritize energy retention and penetration, particularly for tough, large game.
Energy
The .30-06 generates considerable kinetic energy, suitable for medium and large game hunting. Muzzle energy for standard bullet weights includes:
- 150-grain: ~2,800-3,000 ft-lbs
- 165-grain: ~2,900-3,100 ft-lbs
- 180-grain: ~3,000-3,200 ft-lbs
- 220-grain: ~2,900-3,000 ft-lbs
This energy ensures effective performance, even at extended ranges. The heavier bullets, particularly the 180-grain and 220-grain, retain energy better downrange, making them ideal for larger game like elk or moose.
Trajectory
The .30-06 is celebrated for its relatively flat trajectory, which enhances accuracy over long distances. Here's a comparison of typical bullet trajectories (sighted in at 200 yards):
- 150-grain: ~7-inch drop at 300 yards
- 165-grain: ~8-inch drop at 300 yards
- 180-grain: ~9-inch drop at 300 yards
- 220-grain: ~12-15-inch drop at 300 yards
While lighter bullets like the 150-grain excel at minimizing drop, heavier bullets maintain better terminal performance for medium-range shooting.
Accuracy
The .30-06 offers excellent accuracy, with most modern rifles capable of sub-MOA (Minute of Angle) groups at 100 yards. Shooters can further improve precision by selecting appropriate factory loads or handloading tailored cartridges.
- 150-grain and 165-grain bullets: Often preferred for long-range precision and minimal wind drift.
- 180-grain and 220-grain bullets: Provide consistent accuracy, especially in scenarios where stability and energy transfer are critical.
Terminal Performance
The .30-06’s terminal ballistics showcase a perfect balance of penetration and expansion, allowing it to handle medium to large game effectively. Key performance traits by bullet weight include:
- 150-grain: Quick expansion, ideal for deer-sized game at longer ranges.
- 165-grain: Balanced expansion and penetration, suitable for medium-sized game.
- 180-grain: Deep penetration with controlled expansion, ideal for larger animals like elk.
- 220-grain: Exceptional penetration for heavy, tough-skinned game such as moose and bear.
Specialized bullet designs, including soft points, hollow points, and ballistic tips, further optimize terminal performance based on the intended use.
.308 Winchester: The Versatile Contender
First introduced in 1952 by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, .308 Winchester (commonly referred to as .308 ammo) was developed as a commercial hunting round based on the military 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge.
Designed to deliver performance comparable to the .30-06 Springfield in a more compact and efficient package, the .308 Winchester quickly became a favorite among both military and civilian shooters.
Today, the .308 Winchester remains a top choice for applications ranging from long-range target shooting to backcountry hunting.
Its moderate recoil makes it comfortable for a wide range of users, from novice shooters to seasoned marksmen.
Additionally, its consistent accuracy has solidified its place as a staple in competitive shooting.
.308 Winchester Ballistics Information
Muzzle Velocity
The .308 Winchester’s muzzle velocity depends on bullet weight and load, making it suitable for a variety of shooting scenarios. Typical factory load velocities include:
- 150-grain bullets: ~2,800-2,900 fps
- 165-grain bullets: ~2,650-2,750 fps
- 180-grain bullets: ~2,550-2,650 fps
- 220-grain bullets: ~2,200-2,300 fps
Lighter bullets, such as the 150-grain, deliver higher velocities and flatter trajectories, making them ideal for long-range applications. Heavier bullets, like the 220-grain, trade speed for energy retention and deeper penetration, suited for big-game hunting.
Energy
The .308 Winchester provides ample energy for medium to large game. Muzzle energy figures for typical bullet weights are as follows:
- 150-grain: ~2,600-2,800 ft-lbs
- 165-grain: ~2,500-2,700 ft-lbs
- 180-grain: ~2,300-2,500 ft-lbs
- 220-grain: ~2,000-2,200 ft-lbs
Although it has slightly less energy than the .30-06, the .308’s efficiency and compact cartridge design make it a favorite among shooters and hunters alike. Energy retention at longer ranges is excellent, particularly for 165-grain and heavier bullets.
Trajectory
The .308 Winchester is known for a flat trajectory that remains effective at medium to long ranges. With a typical 200-yard zero, the bullet drop at 300 yards is as follows:
- 150-grain: ~7-8 inches
- 165-grain: ~8-9 inches
- 180-grain: ~10-11 inches
- 220-grain: ~14-16 inches
The .308’s trajectory is slightly less flat than the .30-06 but remains highly manageable for hunting and target shooting with modern optics.
Accuracy
The .308 Winchester is a benchmark for precision shooting, commonly used in competition and military sniper applications. Its consistent performance across various bullet weights makes it exceptionally accurate:
- 150-grain and 165-grain bullets: Preferred for long-range shooting due to minimal wind drift and high precision.
- 180-grain and 220-grain bullets: Offer dependable accuracy at medium ranges and enhanced stability for larger game.
Factory and handloaded ammunition often produce sub-MOA (Minute of Angle) groups at 100 yards, making the .308 a favorite for precision shooters.
Terminal Performance
The .308 Winchester excels in terminal ballistics, offering a mix of expansion and penetration that adapts to various game sizes. Key traits by bullet weight include:
- 150-grain: Rapid expansion and high velocity make it ideal for deer and medium game at long ranges.
- 165-grain: Balanced expansion and penetration for medium to large game like hogs and black bear.
- 180-grain: Controlled expansion and deep penetration for larger game such as elk.
- 220-grain: Designed for maximum penetration, suitable for large, tough-skinned animals like moose or bear.
Modern bullet designs, such as ballistic tips, bonded cores, and hollow points, allow hunters to tailor performance to specific needs.
Comparative Analysis: Which Should You Choose?
Range and Accuracy
If long-range accuracy is your priority, the .30-06 may have the edge due to its higher energy and flatter trajectory at extended distances. However, the .308 also performs admirably at long ranges, especially for shooters who prefer lighter recoil.
Game Size and Type
For larger game, the .30-06 is often the preferred choice, but the .308 is more than capable of handling mid-sized game with proper shot placement.
Recoil Consideration
The recoil of the .308 is milder, making it an excellent choice for newer shooters or anyone sensitive to recoil while still providing exceptional performance.
Summary / Saved Rounds
In the battle of .30-06 versus .308, your choice ultimately comes down to your specific needs in the field.
Both cartridges offer unique advantages that cater to different hunting styles and preferences.
Whether you lean towards the powerful .30-06 or the versatile .308, stocking up on high-quality ammunition is crucial for performance.
Explore a comprehensive selection of .30-06 and .308 ammunition at Ammunition Depot to ensure you're ready for your next big hunt or long-distance shoot.
Make your choice count—gear up today and experience the difference in your shooting performance!
Looking for a great deal on 30-06 or 308 ammo?
Check out our TOP BRAND picks and find the caliber/brand you're looking for at a great price!
Popular 30-06 Springfield Ammo Brands
Known for producing high-quality ammunition at an affordable price, Fiocchi is a favorite among hunters and target shooters alike. Their .30-06 offerings emphasize reliability and consistency, with options for both standard and specialty loads.
Renowned for innovative designs and precision, Hornady produces some of the best hunting and long-range ammunition. Their .30-06 rounds feature advanced bullet technologies like the SST (Super Shock Tip) and ELD-X (Extremely Low Drag eXpanding) for superior ballistic performance.
A household name in American ammunition, Remington has been crafting reliable .30-06 ammo for decades. Their Core-Lokt line is particularly popular for hunting, offering controlled expansion and deep penetration for big-game hunting.
One of the most iconic ammunition brands, Winchester provides a wide range of .30-06 loads suitable for everything from deer hunting to long-range shooting. Their Super-X and Deer Season XP lines are widely trusted for their accuracy and knockdown power.
Federal Premium is synonymous with performance and innovation. Their .30-06 offerings include the Power-Shok, Fusion, and Trophy Bonded Tip lines, designed for precision, energy transfer, and excellent terminal ballistics for hunters and shooters.
Known for premium hunting and competition ammunition, Nosler specializes in precision-engineered bullets like the AccuBond, Partition, and Ballistic Tip. Their .30-06 cartridges are prized for their consistent performance and devastating effectiveness on large game.
Popular 308 Winchester Ammo Brands
Fiocchi offers dependable and affordable ammunition, making it a popular choice for budget-conscious shooters. Their .308 Winchester loads focus on consistent performance, with options tailored for both target shooting and hunting.
Known for precision and innovation, Hornady is a leader in ammunition design. Their .308 Winchester offerings include advanced bullet technologies like SST (Super Shock Tip) and ELD Match, providing exceptional accuracy and terminal performance for hunters and long-range shooters.
Remington has a long-standing reputation for producing versatile and reliable ammunition. Their Core-Lokt .308 Winchester cartridges are ideal for hunting, delivering controlled expansion and deep penetration, while other lines cater to precision shooters.
Winchester is a trusted name in ammunition, offering a broad range of .308 Winchester options. Their Deer Season XP and Super-X lines are favorites among hunters for their knockdown power, while the Match series is designed for accuracy enthusiasts.
Federal Premium stands out for its innovative designs and high-quality components. Their .308 Winchester offerings include the Gold Medal Match for competitive shooters and the Fusion and Trophy Bonded Tip lines, which deliver superior performance for hunting large game.
PMC (Precision Made Cartridges)
PMC is known for its affordable and high-quality ammunition. Their .308 Winchester cartridges are popular among range shooters for their consistent performance and clean-burning powder, offering reliability without breaking the bank.
Nosler specializes in premium ammunition for hunting and precision shooting. Their .308 Winchester lineup includes options like the Ballistic Tip, AccuBond, and Partition bullets, which deliver superior accuracy and terminal performance for taking down game or excelling in competition.
